Yardlong Bean

Scientific Name

Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis

Description

The Yardlong Bean (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis), also known as the Long Bean or Asparagus Bean, is a unique and vigorous climbing legume native to Southeast Asia. This plant is particularly valued for its long pods that can reach lengths of up to 30 inches (75 cm), making them a popular ingredient in various dishes, especially in Asian cuisine.

Yardlong Beans are characterized by their lush, green, and climbing habit. They typically require a trellis or support structure to thrive and can grow up to 6 to 9 feet tall. The plants produce elongated, slender pods that are crisp and tender when harvested at a young stage. These beans can be eaten fresh, stir-fried, or used in soups and curries.

The leaves of the Yardlong Bean are trifoliate, resembling those of other legume plants, and the flowers are small and typically purple or white. This plant thrives in warm climates, preferring well-drained soil and full sun exposure. It is sensitive to frost, making it ideal for planting in late spring to early summer.

Yardlong Beans are not only delicious but also beneficial for the garden. They fix nitrogen in the soil, which can improve soil health and fertility for other plants. Additionally, they are relatively easy to grow from seeds, making them suitable for novice gardeners. Regular watering and maintenance, along with timely harvesting of the pods, will yield a bountiful harvest throughout the growing season.

Where it Grows

When to Plant

Yardlong Bean Planting Guidelines

Understanding Yardlong Beans

Yardlong beans, also known as Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, are a type of legume native to tropical Asia. Characterized by their impressive long pods, which can grow up to three feet in length, these beans are not only unique but also nutritious. Successful cultivation hinges on understanding the appropriate planting time and conditions.

Optimal Planting Time

1. Climate Considerations: Yardlong beans thrive in warm climates and are sensitive to frost. They require a long growing season, ideally between 70 to 90 days. Therefore, consideration of your local frost dates is crucial.

2. Soil Temperature: The soil temperature should ideally be between 70°F to 90°F (21°C to 32°C) for successful germination. A good method to determine if the soil is warm enough is to use a soil thermometer.

3. Season: In temperate regions, the best time to plant yardlong beans is during the late spring or early summer, after the last frost date has passed. In tropical climates, they can be planted year-round, although planting just before the rainy season will often yield better results.

4. Growing Zone: For gardeners in USDA Hardiness Zones 9–11, early spring to late summer planting is appropriate. In contrast, those in Zones 5–8 should wait until late spring.

Preparing for Planting

• Soil Amendments: Before planting, ensure that the soil is well-draining and rich in organic matter. Incorporate compost or well-rotted manure to boost soil fertility.
• Site Selection: Choose a location that receives full sun for at least 6-8 hours a day to maximize growth potential.

Additional Planting Tips

• Seed Preparation: Soaking seeds for several hours before planting can assist with germination. This step can be particularly helpful if planting in soil that tends to stay on the cooler side.
• Spacing: When planting seeds, space them about 3 inches apart in rows that are 3 feet apart to provide ample space for growth.

By ensuring that you plant yardlong beans at the right time and under optimal conditions, you set the stage for a bountiful harvest of these uniquely long and tasty legumes.

How to Plant

Planting Yardlong Beans (Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis)

Yardlong beans, also known as Chinese long beans or asparagus beans, are a nutritious and prolific addition to any garden. To successfully plant them, follow these steps:

1. Timing: Yardlong beans thrive in warm climates and should be planted after the last frost, ideally in late spring to early summer when soil temperatures reach around 70°F (21°C).

2. Location: Choose a sunny spot in your garden that receives at least 6-8 hours of sunlight daily. They prefer well-draining soil enriched with organic matter.

3. Soil Preparation: Amend the soil with compost or well-rotted manure to improve fertility and drainage. A pH range of 6.0 to 7.0 is optimal for growth.

4. Planting Seeds: Sow seeds directly into the soil, 1 inch deep, and spaced about 2-4 inches apart in rows that are 24 inches apart. For a continuous harvest, consider planting in staggered intervals.

5. Support: Yardlong beans are climbing plants; provide a trellis or plant them near a fence to support their growth as they can reach lengths of up to three feet.

6. Watering and Care: Water them regularly, particularly during dry spells. Fertilizing with a balanced fertilizer every few weeks will encourage robust growth.

Following these guidelines will help ensure a bountiful harvest of delicious yardlong beans!

Watering

Yardlong Beans, known for their vigorous growth and long, slender pods, thrive best with consistent watering. The ideal strategy involves maintaining evenly moist soil without waterlogging. When establishing the plants, water them deeply to promote root development. As they grow, offer about an inch of water per week, either through rainfall or supplemental irrigation. Check soil moisture by inserting your finger about an inch deep; if it feels dry, it's time to water.

It's best to water in the early morning to reduce evaporation and fungal diseases. Utilize a soaker hose or drip irrigation to deliver water directly at the roots. Avoid overhead watering which can lead to leaf diseases. During hot weather, more frequent watering may be needed, but ensure the top layer of soil dries out between watering sessions. Mulching around the base can also help retain moisture and regulate soil temperature.

Pruning

Pruning Yardlong Bean plants is crucial for promoting healthy growth and maximizing yield. Begin by assessing the plant’s structure, typically pinching out the tips of the main stem when it reaches about 4 to 5 feet tall. This encourages bushier growth and more lateral branches, which can produce additional clusters of beans. Regularly remove any dead, yellowing, or diseased leaves to enhance air circulation and prevent pest infestations. Additionally, identify and prune back any overly crowded branches to ensure adequate light reaches all parts of the plant. Aim to maintain a strong central leader while allowing for several productive side shoots. Pruning should be done during the growing season and right after harvest to maintain plant vigor for future yields. Remember to sanitize your pruning tools before use to prevent disease transmission.

Weeding

Weeding around Yardlong Bean plants involves a careful and strategic approach to minimize competition for nutrients and resources. Firstly, it's essential to start weeding early in the growing season, as young weeds compete aggressively with seedlings. Hand-pulling is the most effective method, particularly for smaller weeds, as it allows for precision and reduces the risk of disturbing the delicate root systems of the beans. Aim to remove weeds when they are still young, as larger weeds can be more entrenched and challenging to uproot. Additionally, it is beneficial to weed in moist soil, as weeds are easier to extract when the ground is softer. Another strategy is to use mulch around the base of the plants; this not only suppresses future weed growth but also helps retain soil moisture. Regular monitoring and maintenance will ensure the Yardlong Beans thrive without interference from unwanted vegetation.

Mulching

Mulching is an essential practice for optimizing the growth of Yardlong Bean plants. To mulching effectively, start by selecting organic materials such as straw, shredded leaves, grass clippings, or wood chips. Begin by applying a layer of mulch around the base of the plants once they are established, ensuring the mulch is about 2 to 4 inches thick. This layer helps retain soil moisture, suppresses weed growth, and regulates soil temperature. It’s crucial to keep the mulch away from the plant stems to prevent rot and encourage healthy airflow. Additionally, during the growing season, monitor the mulch layer, replenishing it as necessary to maintain effectiveness. As the mulch breaks down, it also adds nutrients back into the soil, benefiting the overall health of the Yardlong Beans. By integrating this practice, gardeners can enhance plant vigor and yield significantly.

Fertilizing

Yardlong beans, a fast-growing legume, thrive with proper fertilization to ensure healthy growth and abundant yields. The best strategy involves soil preparation and timely feeding. Before planting, enrich the soil with well-rotted compost or aged manure, which provides essential nutrients and improves soil texture. During the growing season, apply a balanced fertilizer, such as a 10-10-10 (N-P-K) formula, at a rate of about one pound per 100 square feet, ensuring that the fertilizer is mixed into the top layer of soil. Once the plants start to flower, a side dressing with a fertilizer higher in potassium and phosphorus can enhance pod production and overall vigor. Pay attention not to over-fertilize, as excessive nitrogen can lead to lush foliage but fewer beans. Regular monitoring of plant health and soil moisture will guide you in adjusting your fertilization approach as needed throughout the growing season.

Varieties

Yardlong bean, scientifically known as Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, is a popular legume particularly in Asian cuisine. This versatile plant produces long, slender pods that can grow up to three feet in length, giving it the common name "yardlong." There are several common varieties of the Yardlong bean, each with distinct characteristics that may appeal to different growers and culinary preferences.

One of the most popular varieties is the 'Red Noodle' bean, characterized by its vibrant red pods that are not only visually striking but also tender and flavorful. This variety tends to have a strong growth habit and can produce abundantly in the right conditions.

Another widely cultivated type is the 'Asparagus Bean,' often favored for its pleasant taste and crisp texture. The pods can be green or purple, with the purple variety being particularly sought after for its rich flavor. This type works well in a variety of culinary dishes, from stir-fries to salads.

The 'Chinese Long Bean' is another common variety, known for its lengthy green pods. This variety is popular in Asian markets and is prized for its crunchy texture and ability to thrive in warmer climates. It is often used in traditional dishes and can be stir-fried or steamed.

In addition to these, there are local heirloom varieties that may be found in specific regions or communities, offering unique flavors and pod characteristics. These heirloom types often have been passed down through generations and can carry different names based on their origin.

When selecting a variety of Yardlong bean to grow, it is important to consider factors such as local growing conditions, intended culinary uses, and personal taste preferences. Each of these common varieties contributes to the rich diversity of this remarkable legume, making it a delightful addition to any garden or kitchen.

Nutritional Composition (per 100g)

Nutrient	Amount per 100g	% Daily Value
Calories	47	2%
Protein	3.6g	7%
Fat	0.2g	0%
Carbohydrates	9g	3%
Fiber	3.6g	14%
Sugars	3.0g	N/A
Calcium	77mg	8%
Iron	1.6mg	9%
Magnesium	39mg	10%
Potassium	307mg	9%
Vitamin A	168µg	18%
Vitamin C	16.3mg	18%
Folate	68µg	17%

Health Benefits

Yardlong beans, also known as Asparagus beans or Chinese long beans, are a nutritious legume with several health benefits, making them a popular choice in various culinary applications. They are low in calories while being rich in vitamins A and C, fiber, and essential minerals like iron and calcium. Their high fiber content aids in digestive health, promoting regularity and potentially lowering cholesterol levels.

Moreover, Yardlong beans have a low glycemic index, making them suitable for those managing diabetes, as they can help stabilize blood sugar levels. The antioxidants present in these beans, including flavonoids and phenolic compounds, contribute to reducing oxidative stress and may enhance overall cellular health.

Yardlong beans also provide a source of plant-based protein, making them a valuable addition to vegetarian or vegan diets. The beans can be incorporated into stir-fries, salads, and soups, enhancing nutritional content while adding a crunchy texture. Additionally, they carry beneficial compounds that may support heart health and immune function. Thus, their versatility not only benefits culinary endeavors but also promotes wellness, making them a well-regarded choice for health-conscious gardeners and enthusiasts.

Fun Facts

• Yardlong beans, also known as Vigna unguiculata subsp. sesquipedalis, can grow to lengths of about 3 feet (90 cm) or more, which is how they get their name.

• They are an excellent source of vitamins A and C, as well as protein and dietary fiber, making them a nutritious addition to your garden and diet.

• These beans are fast-growing, often reaching maturity within 60 to 90 days after planting, which makes them ideal for quick harvests in home gardens.

• Yardlong beans thrive in warm climates and are usually more tolerant of heat and drought compared to common bush or pole beans, making them suitable for summer gardens.

• In many Asian cuisines, yardlong beans are used in stir-fries, salads, and curries, and they are celebrated for their crunchy texture and ability to absorb flavors well.